目的 针对电磁线圈炮发射制导弹药时,膛内强磁场在引信电路结构中会引发感应电动势的安全隐患展开探索。方法 基于法拉第定律,分析其形成机制及影响因素,建立仿真模型并提出优化策略。结果 复合屏蔽（4 mm 1008 钢+ 6 mm铜）使感应电动势峰值下降78.2%,优于单一铜屏蔽的73.2%,但磁性材料易饱和。引信距电枢90 mm时,峰值最低（1.074 V）,近电枢区可利用电枢反应部分屏蔽。回路半径从35 mm减至15 mm,峰值降低94%。干扰集中于0~3.5 kHz低频段,高通滤波器对第一级发射线圈产生的干扰衰减效果显著。感应电动势随弹药速度降低反向增大,高通滤波器抗干扰性最稳定。结论 感应电动势峰值与磁感应强度变化率、回路面积正相关,受位置非单调影响,能量集中于低频段。据此,需采取复合屏蔽、引信位置优化、回路面积最小化及高通滤波等措施,以抑制感应电动势,保障引信的可靠性。
Abstract
The work aims to explore the safety hazard of induced electromotive force (EMF) in the fuse circuit caused by the strong magnetic field in the bore during missile launch from an electromagnetic coil gun. Based on Faraday's law, the formation mechanism and affecting factors of the induced EMF were analyzed, a simulation model was established, and optimization strategies were proposed. Composite shielding (4 mm 1008 steel + 6 mm copper) reduced the peak induced EMF by 78.2%, outperforming single copper shielding (73.2% reduction), but magnetic materials were prone to saturation. The peak EMF was the lowest (1.074 V) when the fuze was 90 mm away from the armature and partial magnetic field shielding could be achieved via armature reaction in the near-armature region. Reducing the loop radius from 35 mm to 15 mm decreased the peak EMF by 94%. Interference energy concentrated in the low-frequency band (0-3.5 kHz), and a high-pass filter (Sallen-Key) significantly attenuated the first peak. The induced EMF increased inversely with the decreasing missile velocity, while the high-pass filter exhibited the most stable anti-interference performance across different velocities. The peak induced EMF is positively correlated with the rate of change of magnetic flux density and loop area and non-monotonically affected by position, and has energy concentrated in the low-frequency band. Accordingly, targeted measures such as composite shielding, fuse position optimization, loop area minimization, and high-pass filtering are required to suppress the induced EMF and ensure fuse reliability.
关键词
电磁线圈炮 /
引信电路 /
发射环境 /
感应电动势 /
电磁干扰 /
电磁兼容
Key words
electromagnetic coil gun /
fuse circuit /
launch environment /
induced electromotive force (EMF) /
electromagnetic interference /
electromagnetic compatibility
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